Small grain coffee is suitable for growing in mountainous areas at an altitude of 800-1800 meters, mostly planted in dry and hot river valleys at an altitude of around 1100 meters, so the acidity is moderate, the aroma is rich and mellow. Lincang, Baoshan, Simao, Xishuangbanna, Dehong and other regions in Yunnan, China have unique environments suitable for the growth of small grain coffee, and the quality of small grain coffee produced is excellent. After inspecting the coffee planting and initial processing bases in Yunnan, China, tasting experts from the International Coffee Organization have evaluated Yunnan coffee in China as a type of Colombian wet processed small grain coffee, which is the highest quality coffee in the world.

Yunnan small grain coffee, also known as Arabic coffee, is native to Ethiopia and is an evergreen shrub. The plant is relatively small, 4-5 meters tall, with slender branches and early corkification of the branches. The leaves are small and pointed, long and elliptical in shape, harder than medium grain seeds, and the leaf edge ripples are thin and obvious. The fruit is relatively small, with a ratio of 4.5-5:1 between fresh fruit and dried beans. The outer skin of the seed is thick and tough, making it easy to separate from the kernel. The seeds are relatively small, with about 1700-2600 seeds per kilogram of coffee beans. There are fewer single node fruits, about 12-15, but there are more branch fruits. Therefore, under good management, the yield is not lower than that of medium seed seeds. The plant is wind resistant, drought resistant compared to medium grain varieties, and has the weakest cold resistance, but is rarely infected with rust. It has a high yield, a strong flavor, and strong irritancy.

Typica and Bourbon, two classic high-quality coffee varieties, also known as Red Top Coffee and Green Top Coffee, are the main cultivated varieties of coffee in Yunnan. In 1991, the Catimor series of varieties with stronger antiviral ability and higher yields were introduced from Kenya. A variant of the Arabian species (also known as the small grain species). Due to the similarity in morphology and habits between these two varieties, they are often mixed cultivated.

Due to its unique geographical environment and climatic conditions, Yunnan coffee in China has developed a unique flavor that is strong but not bitter, fragrant but not strong, and has a hint of fruity flavor. It is evaluated by world-class coffee experts as the best coffee in the world, and its cultivation technology and yield are also world-class. Coffee is rich in protein, fat, sucrose, starch, caffeine, and other substances. After being made into a beverage, it has a strong aroma, a delicious taste, and rich nutrition. Therefore, it has become one of the world's three major beverages composed of tea and cocoa, and ranks first.

From the perspective of coffee botany, Yunnan small grain coffee has genetic similarities with the recognized best Jamaica Blue Mountain and Kona in Hawaii. Yunnan coffee is a variant of the Arabic original species, which has been cultivated and domesticated for a long time. It is generally known as Yunnan small grain coffee and has a cultivation history of more than 100 years. It is the best quality coffee in the world, and its quality is determined by various factors such as the environment, climate, and cultivation management techniques in which it grows. Its optimal growth environment is low latitude, high altitude, sufficient rainfall, and suitable sunlight, so the area between latitude 15 and the Tropic of Cancer is an ideal growth zone for coffee. However, other regions in this area, such as Hawaii and Saudi Arabia in the United States, with low elevations or less rainfall in the desert, are not conducive to coffee growth. Only southern Yunnan, located in this area, happens to have various conditions. According to experts, small grain coffee should be grown in mountainous areas at an altitude of 800-1800 meters. If the altitude is too high, the taste will be sour, and if it is too low, the taste will be bitter. Yunnan coffee is mostly grown in dry and hot river valleys at an altitude of around 1100 meters, so the acidity is moderate, the aroma is rich and mellow. In terms of climate conditions, the long duration of light in southern Yunnan is conducive to plant growth and photosynthesis, and the large temperature difference between day and night, low temperature at night, is conducive to the accumulation of coffee nutrients. Therefore, Yunnan small grain coffee contains more effective nutrients than other foreign coffee varieties. Small grain coffee is susceptible to rust, and the production and quality are greatly affected by the occurrence of rust disease. Due to the distinct dry and wet conditions in the hot areas of Yunnan, fresh fruits ripen red every year and enter the dry season. The low relative humidity is not conducive to the formation and growth of rust blisters.

Due to the excellent quality of Yunnan coffee, it entered the London market as "Lujiang No.1" in the 1960s and was rated as a first-class product. In recent years, world-renowned coffee companies such as Nestle and McDonald's have opened up raw material bases in Yunnan, and the products produced in Yunnan have gradually gained popularity both domestically and internationally. The average yield of coffee in Yunnan province has reached 96.4 kilograms, and a household contracted land in Lujiang has set a world record of 400 kilograms. "I have seen countless coffee plantations around the world, and the management here is world-class, with the highest yield," said Steve, a chief coffee expert from the United Nations Development Programme, after visiting the coffee plantation in Lujiang Farm.

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